Traumatology is the medical field that examines injuries caused by accidents or violence through the musculoskeletal system. The skeletal system and muscles responsible for movement (locomotor system) fall within the domain of orthopedics and traumatology. Trauma is defined as the damage to living tissues caused by external mechanical effects and is classified based on exposure duration and frequency. Acute traumas refer to short-term, newly developed damages, while chronic traumas are damages caused by long-term stress. Complex traumas occur as a result of multiple traumas and injuries.

Fracture treatment varies based on the location and the patient's age. Bandaging, casting, and sling methods stabilize and fuse non-surgical fractures. Fractures that cannot be corrected with conservative treatment are surgically operated on by orthopedic and traumatology specialists. Bones are returned to their original position using implants such as screws or wires, and damaged tissues are repaired during surgery. Untreated or improperly healed fractures can hinder effective movement over time. Malunioned fractures are also surgically corrected to achieve proper alignment.

Dislocation treatment involves addressing the loss of joint integrity where the bones forming the joint are separated due to trauma. When dislocations cannot be reduced by closed methods, surgical intervention may be required. The treatment aims to reposition and stabilize the joint correctly.

Malunion occurs when a fractured bone heals in an undesired position, leading to functional impairment. This condition can arise from neglected cases or unexpected displacement during conservative treatment. When a bone heals incorrectly, joint mobility and function can be adversely affected.