Knee replacement surgery is conducted under general or regional anesthesia. The surgeon opens the knee joint and removes the damaged cartilage and bone surfaces. Then, metal and plastic implants of appropriate size are placed on the joint surfaces. These implants are fixed to the bones using special cement or pressure application. Post-surgery, the patient's rehabilitation process begins, involving physical therapy and exercises to enhance knee functionality.

Knee replacements are typically recommended for patients who do not respond to other treatments such as medication, intra-articular injections, or physical therapy. They are especially advised in cases of severe osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and traumatic joint damage. Knee replacement is chosen when pain is severe, and daily activities are hindered, aiming to improve the patient's quality of life.