Hip replacement is a surgical intervention commonly performed to relieve pain and improve mobility in cases of hip joint arthritis, fractures, or avascular necrosis. This procedure involves replacing the surfaces of the bones forming the joint with plastic and metal components, thereby maintaining normal joint function and enhancing the patient's quality of life.

Hip replacement surgery is carried out under general or regional anesthesia. During the operation, the surgeon opens the hip joint and removes the damaged bone and cartilage surfaces. Subsequently, metal and plastic implants of appropriate size are placed on the joint surfaces. These implants are fixed either with a special cement called polymethylmethacrylate or as cementless prostheses that integrate with the bone. Cementless prostheses contain biologically active substances that support new bone formation. Post-surgery, physical therapy and exercises are employed to support hip joint function during the rehabilitation process.

The success of hip replacement surgery depends not only on the surgical procedure but also on the quality of the operating room and postoperative care conditions. The risk of infection is around 1-2% even under modern operating room conditions, which may require additional surgical interventions. Optimal operating room conditions include good infection control and "laminar air flow" systems.

Cementless prostheses are generally preferred for younger patients with healthy bone structures, while cemented or hybrid prostheses are used for older patients or those with osteoporosis. The lifespan of a hip prosthesis can vary based on the patient's age, gender, weight, and lifestyle.